NICE:膀胱癌的诊断与管理
Bladder cancer: diagnosis and management
诊疗主题:Bladder Cancer,膀胱癌
授权机构:National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所
授权机构:National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所
Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the UK. It is 3–4 times more common in men than in women. In the UK in 2011, it was the fourth most common cancer in men and the thirteenth most common in women. There were 10,399 people diagnosed with bladder cancer and 5081 deaths from bladder cancer in 2011. The majority of cases occur in people aged over 60. The main risk factor for bladder cancer is increasing age, but smoking and exposure to some industrial chemicals also increase risk. Bladder cancer is usually identified on the basis of visible blood in the urine or blood found on urine testing, but emergency admission is a common way for bladder cancer to present, and is often associated with a poor prognosis.
学科代码:肿瘤学 关键词:膀胱癌 ,指南 爱思唯尔医学网, Elsevierme
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