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美癌症死亡率20年来下降20%

Cancer deaths declined 20% since 1991
来源:EGMN 2013-01-24 10:51点击:618发表评论

根据美国癌症学会(ACS) 1月18日在线发表于《CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians》(doi:10.3322/caac.21166)的2篇报告(2013年癌症实事与数据和2013年癌症统计),自1991年以来,美国癌症死亡率下降20%,即意味着2009年癌症死亡病例比20年前减少了120万。


Daniel M. Siegel博士
 
最新数据显示,总癌症死亡率由1991年的215/100,000下降至2009年的173/100,000。男性肺癌和前列腺癌死亡率、女性乳腺癌死亡率,以及男性和女性结直肠癌死亡率下降更为明显。ACS将死亡率下降归因于吸烟人群减少以及早期诊断和治疗的改善。

美国最常见癌症死亡(占癌症死亡病例的50%)原因是男性肺癌/支气管癌、前列腺癌和结直肠癌,女性肺癌/支气管癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌。据ACS预计,今年癌症新发病例将为160万例,癌症死亡病例将为580,350例,肺癌将占男性和女性癌症死亡病例的25%。

除黑色素瘤、肝癌、甲状腺癌和胰腺癌外,大多数癌症的发病率均呈下降趋势。

美国皮肤病学会(AAD)主席Daniel M. Siegel博士在一份声明中称,黑色素瘤发病率升高“尤其令人关注,因为皮肤癌通常易于预防和发现。”他指出,AAD及其成员“正在积极努力,以减少皮肤癌发病率,并改变公众对日光暴露和人工晒黑的态度和行为”。

在过去10年,胰腺癌死亡率有所增加。ACS声称其原因是“胰腺癌在初级预防、早期诊断和治疗方面没有进展”。ACS在其报告中专门用一章节的篇幅来阐述胰腺癌发生与治疗的最新信息。大多数胰腺癌患者在确诊当年即死亡,5年生存率仅为6%。

ACS还指出,癌症结局的差异取决于患者的种族和收入,“尤其是结直肠癌或乳腺癌患者,其死亡率的改善趋势归功于早期发现和较好治疗”。ACS首席执行官John R. Seffrin博士在一份声明中说:“我们能够也必须弥合这一差距,以免患者遭受与生俱来的不利和厄运。”

例如,白人女性乳腺癌患者2002~2008年5年生存率为92%,而黑人女性患者为78%;白人结肠癌患者5年生存率为66%,而黑人患者为55%。

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By: ALICIA AULT, Internal Medicine News Digital Network

Cancer deaths have declined 20% since 1991, which means there were 1.2 million fewer deaths from cancer in 2009, according to the American Cancer Society.

The overall cancer death rate decreased from 215 per 100,000 in 1991 to 173 per 100,000 in 2009. Death rates declined more sharply for cancers of the lung and prostate in men, for breast cancers in women, and for colon and rectal cancers for men and women. The ACS attributes the drops to decreases in smoking and improvements in early detection and treatment.

The most common causes of cancer death in Americans, accounting for 50% of cancer deaths, are cancers of the lung and bronchus, prostate, and colorectum in men; and cancers of the lung and bronchus, breast, and colorectum in women. This year, there will be 1.6 million cancer cases and 580,350 cancer deaths; lung cancers will account for 25% of cancer deaths in men and women this year, according to estimates from the ACS.

The mortality figures and incidence data are contained in two reports: Cancer Facts & Figures 2013 and Cancer Statistics 2013, both published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. (doi:10.3322/caac.21166). The reports were published online on Jan. 18.

Incidence rates are on the decline for most cancers with the exception of melanoma, and liver, thyroid and pancreatic cancer.

Dr. Daniel M. Siegel, president of the American Academy of Dermatology, said in a statement that a rising incidence of melanoma "is particularly concerning because skin cancer can often be easily prevented and detected." Dr. Siegel said that the AAD and its members "are actively working to reduce the incidence of skin cancer and change society’s attitudes and behaviors toward sun exposure and tanning."

Death rates from pancreatic cancer have increased over the last decade, due to what the ACS called "a lack progress in primary prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of this cancer." The ACS report included a special section devoted to updated information on the occurrence and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Most patients with pancreatic cancer die within a year of diagnosis; the 5-year survival rate is 6%.

The ACS also noted that the disparity in cancer outcomes based on ethnicity and income, "particularly [among] those diagnosed with colorectal or breast cancer where earlier detection and better treatments are credited for the improving trends," said John R. Seffrin, Ph.D., chief executive officer of the ACS, in a statement. "We can and must close this gap so that people are not punished for having the misfortune of being born poor and disadvantaged."

The 5-year survival rate in 2002-2008 for white women with breast cancer, for instance, was 92%, whereas for black women, it was 78%. For colon cancer, the 5-year survival rate was 66% for whites, but 55% for blacks.

学科代码:内科学 肿瘤学 血液病学   关键词:癌症死亡率
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