美国胃肠病学院（ACG）临床指南：缺血性肠病的流行病学特点、危险因素、临床分型、诊断及管理

Colon Ischemia(CI) is the condition that results when blood fl ow to the colon is reduced to a level insuffi cient to maintain cellular metabolic function. Th e end result of this process is that colonocytes become acidotic, dysfunctional, lose their integrity and, ultimately, die. Although the etymologic root of the word ischemia is from the Greek iskhaimos , meaning a “stopping of the blood,” we now know that blood fl ow need not stop but only diminish signifi cantly to cause ischemic damage. Moreover, ischemia may be followed by reperfusion injury and, for relatively brief periods of ischemia, this combined injury may produce more damage than just reduction of blood fl ow without reperfusion. Th e degree to which colonic blood fl ow must diminish before ischemia results varies with the acuteness of the event, the degree of preexisting vascular collateralization, and the length of time the low fl ow state persists. 

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