2015美国医师协会指南：压疮的风险评估与预防

Pressure ulcers are defined as localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure alone or in combination with shear. They commonly occur in patients with limited mobility, such as those in hospitals or longterm care settings. It is estimated that up to 3 million adults in the United States are affected by pressure ulcers. The prevalence in the United States is estimated to range from 0.4% to 38% in acute care hospitals,2% to 24% in long-term care nursing facilities, and 0% to 17% in home care settings. Between 1990 and 2001, pressure ulcers were reported as a cause of death in nearly 115 000 persons and were listed as the underlying cause of death in more than 21 000. The estimated cost of treating each case of pressure ulcers ranges from $37 800 to $70 000, and up to $11 billion is spent annually in the United States to treat pressure ulcers. A growing industry has developed to market various products for pressure ulcer prevention.

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